Reading Responses 9 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perusing Responses 9 - Case Study Example Contraception can be bolstered on financial and social grounds with the huge families being a monetary strain to any family. As far as possible show that, in the cutting edge period, the socially worthy family size is the little family. It is fundamental toâ make sure that the individuals from the network are all around educated to settle on decisions that will support the family. Ensuring that the general public has sufficient information in order to settle on educated choices will empower the general public to advance. Controlling the birth levels of humankind is significant in the assessment of expectations for everyday comforts. Expanded populace causes a strain on common assets, which causes rivalry for accessible assets (Sanger 3). Anti-conception medication should be done to keep up socially satisfactory conduct or ethics in the general public. Keeping up high good measures in the general public will decide the idea of communications in the general public. The issue of conception prevention is in this way a touchy issue in the general public and ought to be settled by guaranteeing that the individuals from the general public are furnished with sufficient data. It is essential that the individuals from the general public settle on their own choice with respect to the issue since they have the data required (Sanger 4). The inquiry emerges, is the data accessible to the residents enough for them to settle on the correct choice? The article assesses anti-conception medication in the general public and the elements that influence the impression of the network towards the activity. Contraception has been a conversation subject for quite a while with the ethical side of the action being assessed. The principle questions solicited concerning the need from conception prevention is the issue of the populace impact on worldwide harmony, the lawful issues influencing anti-conception medication, impact of contraception on moral disposition and the measure of information in the general public with respect to the issue. The requirement for conception prevention should be

Plan an awesome office holiday party

Plan a magnificent office occasion party In the event that you’re the one entrusted with arranging this year’s work occasion hoedown, this isn't an undertaking to be trifled with. All things considered, you’ve got an entire year to go until the following one, and everybody consistently recalls how amazing (or how awful) the last huge gathering was. It’s a ton of weight! Its likewise somewhat of a social and expert minefield, so we’ve got the tips to assist you with arranging the gathering that will keep everybody grinning until next year’s.Know your budget.Some organizations go all out for their vacation parties, leasing large scenes and setting up luxurious food. Different organizations go for a progressively unassuming issue, having it in the workplace or picking a money bar. It’s critical to know in advance what sort of spending plan you’re working with-is it a hot wings financial plan or a caviar financial plan? What's more, this may rely upon what sort of year you r organization had. On the off chance that it wasn’t an incredible year and this year’s party spending plan is more smoothed out than years past, at that point employing an immense scene may be ridiculous, and the chocolate wellspring may need to hang tight for another event. The significant thing to recall is that you can have some good times, very much arranged gathering regardless of how much cash you’re functioning with. It’s simply a question of setting reasonable expectations.Pick the privilege time.On TV and in films, occasion parties all appear to be on Christmas Eve, or in no time previously. All things considered, the Dance of the Out of Office Messages can regularly begin a long time before the special seasons start. So to expand your vacation party swarm, pick a date prior in December. This has the advantage of getting individuals before they’re seasonal joy ed out and furthermore feels progressively comprehensive for whatever winter oc casions individuals happen to celebrate.The timing upon the arrival of the gathering is similarly as significant would you like to make them during work hours or is it a greater amount of a night-time issue? To an ever increasing extent, organizations are facilitating their gatherings during the work day to ensure that representatives can make it and don’t have clashes. In addition it tends to be exceptionally hard to book settings and cooking on ends of the week during the Christmas season, so hosting a get-together at, state, 3 p.m. on a Thursday or Friday may give you more choices (and cost flexibility).Send out welcomes as ahead of schedule as you can.As soon as you’ve got a date, time, and spot made certain about, convey the welcome. Most organization parties include all representatives, yet in the event that you’re working with a progressively select gathering (like a departmental occasion party), ensure you’re focusing on your particular welcome ru ndown when you can. Furthermore, be clear about who’s remembered for the welcome. In the event that it’s just representatives, say as much. On the off chance that mates or families are welcome, be clear about that as well.Choose your group wisely.Call it #HolidayPartySquadGoals. Ensure you have individuals arranged to support you, regardless of whether it’s backing you up on making setting or cooking game plans or going about as an additional pair of hands to set up upon the arrival of. All things considered, you ought to get the chance to appreciate the merriments as well, and you don’t need the pressure of attempting to do everything totally all by yourself.Make sure everyone’s clear on the gathering desires and boundaries.Never overlook this is, most importantly, a work gathering, and everybody should at present be aware of the expert setting. On the off chance that there’s going to be liquor streaming, convey an update about any liquor a pproaches and perhaps a couple of connections to your neighborhood rideshare organizations to help ensure individuals return home securely. In the event that you need to restrain things like drinking in advance, consider doing a money bar or offering drink tickets (limit 2) to ensure everyone’s living it up however not all that much-while celebrating with managers and colleagues.Come up with something amusing to do.Sure, â€Å"let’s eat, drink, and commend the finish of the year† is a fine and revered occasion party movement. Be that as it may, consider having a great time or silly exercises if you’re going for a carefree or less proper gathering. Monstrous occasion sweaters are as yet having a second, so why not have a challenge for the most flinch inciting sweater? Or on the other hand perhaps go for a vacation treat heat off, letting individuals acquire their best occasion treats. (It’s a success win, since free cookies!)Set aside some an ideal opportunity for recognition.Just about each work environment has somebody who feels great getting up before a group and giving a toast or brisk, ardent discourse, so this would be a decent an ideal opportunity to plan somebody to give some year-end comments. A touch of worker thankfulness goes far, and regardless of whether your organization doesn’t do endowments or extra checks, a couple of words about everyone’s difficult work during the time is consistently an invite expansion to the festivities.Whether your gathering will be at the Plaza or in the meeting room, being readied will help guarantee that you keep up your rational soundness and that you and your partners make some incredible memories being together and commending another profitable year. Merry Christmas, and upbeat arranging!

The Ecosystems At Risk Environmental Sciences Essay

The Ecosystems At Risk Environmental Sciences Essay An environment is the dynamic connection of verdure and smaller scale life form networks and their non-living environmental factors. Two exceptionally specific biological systems are coral reefs and seaside ridges. A case of a coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef which traverses about 2,300 kilometers making it the biggest reef on the planet. The reef is home to a scope of creatures and plants and is known for its decent variety. Seaside ridges another specific environment, is framed through a huge collection of sand situated behind the sea shore zone. Beach front rises are known for having exceptionally outrageous situations with just hardly any vegetation or fauna having the option to endure the conditions. Concerning the two biological systems, clarify the biophysical associations that lead to different environments and their working. Coral Reefs Environment Because of the area of the Great Barrier Reef, it faces both positive and negative collaborations with the environment. The reef lies in a region named Australias Cyclone Zone, a territory hit by numerous savage tempests from quite a while ago. The level of effect on the reef is dependent upon the force and degree of the tempest. The harm happens because of the huge tempest waves that are created from solid breezes and low-pressure frameworks. The compelling waves tear separated the more delicate coral and make chips and defects in the harder coral. In extreme twister cases the entire reef environment might be put under residue. Tropical tornados are known for having vigorously actuated downpour cycles. The additional volume of new water implies that the saltiness of the reef environment is then contorted, and influences coral development. The air can likewise be a valuable cooperation. For instance in 2006 Cyclone Larry that hit the shores of North Queensland. The twister struck the reef, yet as opposed to causing destructing inside the biological system, the violent wind forestalled mass coral fading from happening by bringing down the temperature of the water. Barometrical weights lead to more prominent working biological systems through adjustment. Lithosphere The Great Barrier Reef is helped in its working and changing by the lithosphere. The reef itself produces limestone. The limestone is endured and moved all through the reef. The limestone is then ready to make new landforms like coral cay. The limestone is likewise utilized as a protection component by coral against the erosive waves. The passing of one coral is utilized as a stage for life for another coral. Another lithospheric factor influencing coral working is residue. Dregs like sand can have the impact of obfuscating up the water of the reef bringing about expanded turbidity levels of the water. There is then less daylight entrance into the reef, influencing the procedure of photosynthesis and coral fading is bound to happen. Hydrosphere The Great Barrier Reef will in general have best coral development when hydrosphere conditions are at their most noteworthy. For instance coral reefs will in general have ideal development when wave vitality is high. The wave vitality is broken by the reef through the offshore, and produces a zone of tranquil, ensured water behind the reef. The waters of the Great Barrier Reef will in general stream a northerly way a large portion of the year, however during monsoonal seasons the type of the waters change, and there is an inversion toward the waters. The inversion permits the cooler southern sea ebb and flow to stream into the reef. The waters that run from the north are warm and high in saltiness; they give the reef high supplement levels and are significant impacts for the assorted variety of the biological system. Biosphere The biosphere component of the Great Barrier Reef is the manner by which the reef develops and gets its magnificent highlights. A significant creature for the reef are polyps. Polyps are basic life forms that have a stomach and their exoskeleton. Inside the polyp is a reliant green growth called zooxanthallae. The two creatures give shared advantages one giving sugars and oxygen through photosynthesis and the other providing supplements. Polyp regrowth happens with the utilization of the expired polyps exoskeleton. In spite of the fact that coral generation is unique, where the coral will discharge their eggs into the mid year waters, and promptly they discharge mass measures of sperm also. The way toward advancing happens and the hatchlings develop on the exoskeleton of coral. The assorted scope of species inside the Great Barrier Reef likewise affects its working. For instance scavangers are extraordinary at executing the supplement reusing job, while the crown of thistle star fish is known for joining itself to coral and eating it to death. (Index A Figure 1.1) shows a Crowns of Thorns starfish going after coral. Beach front Dunes Air The most critical biophysical collaboration with beach front rises is the air. The climates primary segments are wind, temperature and precipitation. Wind is a significant supporter of molding hills through aeolion transport, where sand grains are gotten and moved to another area. The measure of sand expelled is subject to the size of sand, speed of the breeze and nature of vegetation spread. The quicker speed of the breeze the almost certain sand grains will be moved, because of a more prominent power. The kind of neighborhood vegetation and measure of vegetation on the sand hills additionally impacts aeolian vehicle, as the vegetation turns into an obstruction against the breeze for the sand. Temperature assumes the job of impacting the pace of sand dryness, and sort of vegetation on the hills. Temperature esteems additionally decide the working of sea flows. As temperature expands the dryness of sand increments bringing about just hardly any vegetations that can live on the rises, which thusly influences the pace of aeolian vehicle. Precipitation is likewise a barometrical segment that impacts seaside hills, through the degree of precipitation. The measure of vegetation on hills is reliant fair and square of precipitation, with ordinary precipitation meaning a more noteworthy assortment and denser vegetation. Hydrosphere The hydrological forms that affect beach front hill biological systems incorporate breeze incited waves, longshore float and precipitation. Wind-actuated waves are significant for creating seaside hills. When there are times of smoothness inside the sea, this implies sand can be shipped from seaward stores to the sea shores. This gives more prominent flexibly to ridges through wind transportation. Then again when there are misleading conditions in the seas the waves become incredible, collide with the coastline and expel sand from the sea shores and foredunes. Another hydrological procedure affecting waterfront hills is longshore float. Longshore float is the transportation of residue by flows that are running at corresponding to the shoreline. Through longshore float, silt can be delivered in one area and moved to another. Longshore float is very regular on the East side of Australia, with a considerable lot of the islands up in Queensland having been produced using residue that ori ginated from New South Wales. The last hydrological procedure to affect seaside ridges is precipitation. The measure of precipitation has a direction on the disintegration of the sand, with high precipitation dissolving the surface and making it defenseless. Biosphere The biosphere impacts waterfront ridges through widely varied vegetation. There are three species to vegetation, essential species, auxiliary species and tertiary species. The essential species are those that are nearest to the ocean. These territories are just colonized by vegetation that can deal with the conditions. The primary job of the pioneer species like Marram Grass is to settle any approaching sand. These types of fauna spread at a fast pace, thus their ready to secure a very remarkable sand ridge. The auxiliary species is the foredune vegetation. They are typically contained bushes and little trees like the waterfront wattle, and help in keeping up foredune sand mass. The tertiary species are those that go past the seaside moorland, similar to tall trees. This procedure is known as progression. Fauna on beach front ridges isn't clear. Very few creatures live on the ridges nearest to the sea shore, as the conditions are unreasonably outrageous for them to deal with, with ju st scarcely any crabs calling this region home. Towards the rear of the ridge frameworks an expanding number of fowl species can be found. Lithosphere Sand particles are not indistinguishable; in this manner its mineral and compound sythesis will change here and there. For instance in New South Wales most rises have sand made of quartzose particles. The particles don't bond effectively, bringing about less steady ridges. Hill arrangement begins with the statement of dregs and seaward sand bars at the mouths of streams. Through longshore flows the silt is migrated then kept on a sea shore by wave activity. Dry sand is blown inland from the sea shore. The float collects around impediments like vegetation and a ridge begins to shape. Seaside hills have three sorts of rises that could happen, the first being foredunes. The foredune is the main stable hill assembled. Its principle objective is to go about as an obstruction between the ocean and inland. It is situated at the rear of the sea shore and normally has pioneer grasses colonizing it. As the vegetation develops more sand is caught making bigger hill frameworks. (Addendum B Figur e 1.1) a foredune has created with pioneer grasses colonizing it. Another sort of ridge is equal or transverse hills. Equal ridges create when a foredune has been hit by a tempest, and the toward the ocean face has been dissolved. At the point when dregs stream reestablishes, another edge creates before the foredune, with a swale isolating them. With the new foredune creating, flexibly to the old foredune gets constrained and pens. Heath-like bushes create on the old foredune once it is sufficiently steady to house them. A chart of equal rise is found in (Appendix B Figure 1.2) where it is indicated how a transverse rise creates. The last kind of hill is the explanatory ridge. Explanatory hills are the consequence of victories. T

To Build a Fire - Man is Foolish :: London To Build a Fire Essays

To Build a Fire - Man is Foolish           what number occasions have you seen winged animals flying south for the winter?  They do not read some place or utilize some PC to realize that they should travel to endure. In Jack London's To Build a Fire, we perceive how that man is at times foolish.  The man, who is strolling in seventy-five degrees beneath zero climate, lets his educated conduct abrogate his instinct.  Therefore, he passes on. London's subject is that regardless of how smart society becomes, we as a species ought to never dispose of our essential senses.           In the start of the story we see that the man acknowledges it is cold, be that as it may, just considers this to be a reality and not a danger.  The man spit on the ground to test how cool it was.  His test instructed him that it was colder than he had first thought, however he never thought of that as a peril just as a reality.  That there ought to be much else to it than that was an idea that never entered his head (119).  To commonly present day man trudges along neglectful of the truth that lies one second or slip up away (Votleler 272).           The man sees that he is feeling the impacts of the chilly increasingly more as he comes, yet like never before he pushes on.  Multiple times he remarks that the virus is making his hands and feet desensitized, and frostbite is executing his cheeks.  He thinks What were iced cheek?  somewhat excruciating, that was all. . . (120).  Again he decided to overlook an intuition that would have spared him.           The canine, then again, albeit guided by his educated conduct still holds his instincts.  The canine follows the man all through his badly blurred venture, however after the man perishes he depends upon his impulses to endure. This is seen in the last passage by the announcement Then it turned furthermore, jogged up the path toward the camp it knew, where there were other food suppliers and fire suppliers (129).           The topic of London's To Build a Fire is the manner by which we should all notice

Global Warming. Western States Increasing Temperatures Research Proposal

A dangerous atmospheric devation. Western States Increasing Temperatures - Research Proposal Example With the expanding idea of industrialization on the planet, there has been expanding measure of carbon mixes and gases that have been discharged to the air (Montzaka, Dlogukencky, and Butler, 2011). These carbon gases comprise a large portion of the green house gases, which have caused heaps of destruction in changes of climate conditions and caused broad changes in the climatic states of the world. A dangerous atmospheric devation has been found to cause the expansion of world temperatures, in this manner influencing the vegetation and the human exercises, which the total populace is reveled into. A worldwide temperature alteration is additionally connected with catastrophic events, for example, broadened heavy rains, dissolving of ice in the ice and Antarctic districts, which have expanded degrees of the maritime waters. These climatic changes have caused broad changes in the vegetation of the world prompting dry spell and conditions being knowledgeable about most districts of the United States and the World when all is said in done (Johanes, 2004). The examination will limit its exploration to the catastrophic events that an unnatural weather change has been causing in the West conditions of the nation. This is because of the watched and recorded ascent of the cataclysmic events that have been befitting this locale of the nation in the ongoing past. This is amazingly related and connected with an unnatural weather change by researchers who have completed broad investigations on this point (Mooney, 2007). The most profitable areas in the Western piece of the United States, including California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Montana have been antagonistically influenced by the result of a dangerous atmospheric devation. Because of the catastrophic events, the monetary and social parts of people are influenced. The examination attempts to get the connection between the expanding temperatures of the air because of ozone depleting substances and the climatic haz ard of an unnatural weather change (Weart, 2003). It will likewise be targeting setting up the connection between the an Earth-wide temperature boost and the cataclysmic events, which have befitted these areas of the United States. A worldwide temperature alteration has been seen as the significant reason for catastrophic events including the rising degrees of the ocean and sea waters coming about into torrents, broad softening of ice fields in the Greenland countries, broad climatic changes in the expansion of temperatures and decrease of precipitation in the African area. In addition, a worldwide temperature alteration is the primary driver of the numerous broad rapidly spreading fires, which have devastated heaps of vegetation and woods in the United States particularly in the western States of Colorado and California (Mooney, 2007). Reason Statement The motivation behind this overview study will be to test the issue of the western United States expanding temperatures, which iden tifies with past and future atmosphere in the encompassing zones current atmosphere. The free factors will be characterized as (I) expanding temperatures in the mountains are influencing snow soften, (ii) articulated dry seasons are the impacts of hotter temperatures in the southwestern United States, and (iii) reproductions of present and future atmospheres performed with four provincial atmosphere models. The reliant variable will be characterized as present atmosphere. Explanation of the Problem This examination expects to demonstrate the relations of an unnatural weather change to the rising catastrophic events in the western United States. It tends to the accompanying inquiries in the examination: 1. What is the relationship of an Earth-wide temperature boost to changes in the climactic state of the Western States? 2. What is the present temperature in the precipitous territory of the western States? 3. How is the temperature in the mountains influence the dissolving of ice she ets in Glacier National Park? 4. What is the

Spring 2011 Admission Review Update COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Spring 2011 Admission Review Update COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I wanted to provide a quick update for those that have submitted an application for spring 2011 admission consideration.   As you know, the deadline for spring admission passed on October 1st.   We have spent the weeks since the deadline assembling applications and plan on sending out update emails soon not decision emails, but update emails. Not to get too much into details, but we have changed our processing system this year and also have some new staff on board.   We are thus on a bit of a learning curve but overall things are going as expected.   We are on the schedule we set but are still ironing out our communications.   This has no impact on when we plan on releasing decisions, I just wanted to let you know that if you applied for spring and have not heard from us there is no need to panic, things are moving along nicely. We print each application and then meticulously review each document to verify completion and readability.   Most applications are complete when submitted, it just takes us time to verify everything. When your application has been individually reviewed for completion, you will receive an email.     So the first email you will receive will have to do with the status of your file. After the Admissions Committee has reviewed all of the applications and made final decisions, we will input this information into the system and applicants will receive an email with instructions on logging into the system to view the decision letter.   Thank you for your patience and we look forward to completing the review process.

Energy in USA Essay - 2200 Words

Energy in USA (Essay Sample) Content: Name:University:Course:Tutor:Date:Fuel in the United States of AmericaQuestion no. 1a). Briefly describe the national security implications of the dependence on imported oil.The United States has depended mostly on imported oil. This is because its oil wells cannot satisfy high fuel usage bearing in mind that the country has one of the world's largest vehicle population. According to a report published in November 2009, U.S. rising imports had widened the country's deficit. This was increasing the gap between the country's imports and exports. This is an indication that the long-term growth and economic recovery is linked to this reliance on foreign oil. It is estimated that USA spends more than 1 billion a day on oil. These funds could, otherwise, be used in other more important areas. Gases from burning oil also exacerbate global warming that is a threat to not only the national security but also the global security.b). Why Energy Independence is unrealisticOne of t he longest debates on energy in USA is Energy Independence. The nation believes that the energy independence would finally lower prices of gasoline. This would be achieved through application of free market principles to the US energy markets which would eventually eliminate various distortions. The oil market is not a free market and does not operate on a free market basis. Majority of the biggest oil producers are members of OPEC. More than 90% of all inexpensive oil reserves are owned by national companies (Stern, 140). The decisions made in these companies are far much far from the ideal free market that USA dream of. More than 40% of world's oil reserves are located in Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia where a significant portion of this portion is developed by national companies. Meaning is somehow unrealistic to achieve energy independence in the United States.c). The Concept of Running out of OilOne of the world's hotly debated questions on energy is whether the world will run s hort of energy. This might not really happen. This is because according to several researches, total accessible oil reserves continue to grow every year. This has been perpetuated by technological advancement such as horizontal wells and increased in exploration, in both conventional and unconventional oil. Additionally, increase in oil prices has made production especially in unconventional sources more viable. This has led to increasing in oil supply. According to other reports, even non-OPEC countries and other unconventional sources of oil perpetuate the growth of overall oil supply. Thus, the idea of Running out of Oil  is not realistic (Stern, 141).d) Impacts of Changes in Oil Prices in the US Macro Economy since 1970During the 1970s, increase in prices of oil was closely associated to a sharp decrease in total output. This led to a large increase in the country's inflation in the 2000s until the end of 2007. More increase in these prices led to milder movements in inflatio n and output of different commodities (Krishnamurthy, 37).e) How has the elasticity of gasoline changed over time and what are the implications of this change.The rapid increase in prices of gasoline since 2008 was followed by a significant fall in total sales. In June 2009, during the official end of the recession, sales had started reversing the direction. The average daily sales in January 2011 are said to have been the lowest within a decade (Katz, 141). This is an implication that the price elasticity of demand for gasoline is not zero.Question 2a)The Rule of Capture and the Seminal CaseThe Rule of CaptureThis is a common law that originated from England, but later adopted the US jurisdiction. The law establishes a rule comprising of non-liability and ownership of several captured natural resources such as oil, gas, ground water and game animals.Seminal CaseSeminal Case is as a highly influential case which is believed to have brought about to a significant line of other cases that follow the original holding (Krishnamurthy, 37). In general, this case is believed to bring some major changes or brought a new idea into the law.b)The context of Trapping Foxes and the Rule of CaptureThe trapping foxes theory relates to repeatedly doing the same mistakes. The rule of capture relates to this theory where mistakes are severally repeated which is not good to the fuel sectorc) Economic arguments against the rule of captureRule of Capture for Asset FlowsThis argument is based on catch what you can  idea under the rule of capture. This is, however, unhealthy for an economy as it leads to overharvesting of certain resources.The Dynamics of Open Access HarvestThe effect of the rule of capture on the rate by which a resource depletes is dependent on two separate systems. The system states that the rate of depletion of a given natural resource depends on either economic or biological systems. In the biological side, the basic dynamics claim that the periodic change i n the natural resource's stock is equivalent to its natural growth or its delay subtract its harvest.d)Would the rule of capture be a serious problem if the oil field were only shared by one or two individuals?The rule of capture states that natural resources such as gas and oil become property of the owner of the land in which the resource has been discovered. If an oil field is shared by only one or two individuals, the rule of capture will not be a serious problem as different conflicts would be easily handled.e)Would the rule of capture be a serious problem if the oil field were shared by many property owners?Sharing oil fields by many property owners means several conflicts. Each owner will come claiming sole ownership or more shares in the property than the others (Stern, 143). This might lead to a serious problem with the rule of capture.f) Regulatory  solution if an oil field is shared by many property ownersThe solution that would work best is pooling and unitization. Un itization creates a private interest that is consolidated with the public interest. This is in line with efficient use of resources to make sure that the pursuit of private profit in extraction of petroleum is conserved.g)Problems of pooling and utilizationPooling and unitization are associated with a number of shortcomings. One is that it comes with operation problems that include excessive possession of natural resources by unit operations, changes in unit boundaries, and being liable for injuries that might occur by unit of unit operations. This regulation also has some fiduciary problems such as fiduciary relationships of different participants in unitization or pooling agreements and different operating interests such as trust res. Finally, the regulation may sometimes face some operation problems during its life (Krishnamurthy, 37).Question 3a)A number of people have suggested that the US should transition to an economy that is more focused on natural gas. Discuss the environm ental advantages of natural gas compared other hydrocarbons.The first benefit of natural gas to other fuels is that it is less harmful than oil or coal. When compared to coal or petroleum, natural gas has less damage to the environment than the two. Natural gas is made up of methane that results to less carbon emission to the atmosphere. In actual sense, carbon dioxide emission is 45% less than most conventional fuels and 30% less than the emission from oil.The gas has easy transportation and storage. It is easier to store and preserve than other fuels. The gas can be transported and stored in pipes, tankers, cylinders and small storage units.Additionally, natural gas is friendlier to the environment because it burns cleaner. After burning, it does not leave any smell, smoke or ash.Unlike Propane, natural gas is lighter than air and dissipates in case there is a leakage. Propane is heavier than air. It thus collects into dangerous explosive pocketsb)Are there any limitations or cost s that may create an impediment to this development.There exists some cost limitations that may pose a challenge in the transition from oil to natural gas. The cost of natural gas may be cheaper than that of oil. However, the cost of the transition might be so high. According to Oil Heating Council, some advertisements from gas industry are misleading. Even though the prices of oil have been dropping, heating oil prices are expected to remain high. Therefore, change in use of oil to natural gas may be expensive.(c). How might vertical integration or contracts resolve some of these impediments?The advantage of using vertical integration is that it gives organizations the opportunity to control access to inputs. In addition, they also provide control to cost, delivery times and quality of those inputs. This logic has, however, become less compelling in line with the changing trend in the 21st century organizational structure.(d). How might the history of natural gas regulation (with a particular focus on the period prior to restructuring) resolve these issues.The vertical integration in the oil industry was pioneered by John D. Rockefeller in the 19th century. This was meant to come up with standard oil. The company had control of more than 85% of all U.S. industry until 1911 when the company was broken up into several smaller companies. This happened under the antitrust legislation and ruling that was made by the US Supreme Court. Other oil corporations in the United States adopted vertical integration on a small scale after the breakup. The vertical integration spread roots in the 1970s and 1980s and there were a number of mega-mergers in 1990s and 2000s (Katz, 37). The mergers led to the creation of corporations such as...